![]() ![]() To manufacture these displays, LED chiplets must be epitaxially grown on separate wafers for maximum device performance and then transferred onto the display substrate. Be sure to follow any precautions supplied by the glycerol manufacturer for handling pure glycerol.Based on the data presented in this VUEPOINT, we recommend that you consider using the following mixtures for blood product simulation.Displays in which arrays of microscopic ‘particles’, or chiplets, of inorganic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) constitute the pixels, termed MicroLED displays, have received considerable attention 1, 2 because they can potentially outperform commercially available displays based on organic LEDs 3, 4 in terms of power consumption, colour saturation, brightness and stability and without image burn-in issues 1, 2, 5, 6, 7. Notes: Stir for a few minutes to assure a homogeneous solution. Recommended “Recipe” for simulated blood products Blood Product This finding also leads me to the importance of having the lowest possible starting temperature for refrigerated blood, and careful packing of a transport cooler to maintain required blood product temperature during storage and transport. You may find this information interesting as you evaluate your own validation procedures and if you are using simulated blood products, take this into consideration as you prepare your simulated units to decide if you would like to achieve a density more closely representative of the actual blood product. This graphic plots the % Glycerol (y-axis) to Density / Specific Gravity (x-axis), which reflects density, for Plasma, Whole Blood and RBCs. So, to accurately simulate RBCs, a mixture of 33% glycerol in water (by weight) should be used. Making an assumption that the rate of warming of RBCs versus plasma is 6% faster, we estimate that over 30 minutes, a bag of RBCs would reach 10☌ approximately 2 minutes faster than an equivalent bag of plasma. Why may this be important in validation procedures?ĭensity can typically be related to the rate of heat transfer in a medium, where higher density usually indicates a faster rate of heat transfer. All along we’ve been operating with “10% glycerol in water” as the “one size fits all” substitute, when it actually only accurately simulates plasma. The difference between plasma and RBCs is about 6% in density, meaning that simulating RBCs requires three times the amount of glycerol in water to achieve the equivalent density to actual RBCs. I was surprised to find that the 10% glycerol solution (by weight, not volume) referred to plasma and that the densities for other blood products required increasing amounts of glycerol. I finally found a chart in an old CRC Chemistry and Physics Handbook* that gave the source. With these two projects in front of me, I decided to research the commonly used 10% glycerol in water mixture. At the same time, we were also performing a periodic review of several of the instructional procedures that we use for validating our blood temperature indicators, Safe-T-Vue. Our work in the area of transport cooler validation with the Val-A-Sure cooler validation kit product development was a major contributor to this lab exploration. In this article, we’d like to share with you our exploration of how accurate that “recipe” is for different blood products – namely Red Blood Cells, Whole Blood and Plasma. It would be reasonable to say that the common practice has historically been to use a 10% glycerol in water (by weight) mixture as a substitute for blood for various reasons, including transport cooler validation. ![]()
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